Design Of A Household-Scale LDPE Plastic Pyrolysis Machine With A Spiral Condenser System For Pyrolysis Oil Production

Firjatulloh, Dzaikra Design Of A Household-Scale LDPE Plastic Pyrolysis Machine With A Spiral Condenser System For Pyrolysis Oil Production. Design Of A Household-Scale LDPE Plastic Pyrolysis Machine With A Spiral Condenser System For Pyrolysis Oil Production.

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Abstract

Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste is one of the types of household waste that is difficult to decompose naturally. Therefore, an appropriate waste treatment method is needed to reduce plastic waste while producing useful products. One method that can be applied is pyrolysis, which is a process of decomposing plastic through heating under limited-oxygen conditions to produce hydrocarbon vapor that is subsequently condensed into pyrolysis oil. This study aims to design a household-scale LDPE plastic pyrolysis machine equipped with a spiral condenser system and to evaluate the feasibility of the design based on theoretical calculations and structural simulation. The research method includes needs identification, literature study, determination of design parameters, three dimensional modeling using SolidWorks, theoretical calculations, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation of the frame. The machine was designed with a capacity of 5 kg LDPE per batch, a feed volume of 0.00543 m³, and a reactor volume of 0.02216 m³, with an empty space of 75.50%. The theoretical heat energy required to increase the temperature from 30°C to 400°C was 4.255 MJ, while the spiral condenser surface area was 0.25044 m². The total frame load was 303.73 N, with an initial safety factor of 2, resulting in a design load of 607.46 N. The FEA simulation showed a maximum von Mises stress of 29.952 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.078 mm, and a minimum Factor of Safety of 8.3, with a material yield strength of 250 MPa. These results indicate that the maximum stress remains below the material yield strength and that the frame has an adequate safety level under the simulated loading conditions. However, the actual heating system efficiency could not be determined because actual LPG consumption or input energy data were not available. Keywords: LDPE, pyrolysis, spiral condenser, SolidWorks, FEA.

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